Research progress of superhydrophilic implants / 口腔疾病防治

@#Through a review of the literature on surface treatment of superhydrophilic implants and its clinical application, this paper discusses the shortening of load time, the improvement of the planting success rate and its long-term effect. Additionally, attention should be paid to the nonindication of superhydrophilic implants and issues requiring attention. The literature review showed that healthy patients could carry out an early load 21 days after implantation of superhydrophilic implants, and the load could be completed as soon as 6 weeks after implantation with superhydrophilic short implants when the residual alveolar bone height of the posterior dental area was repaired. Even if the residual alveolar bone density of the patient is low, the application of superhydrophilic implants can shorten the healing period to 8 weeks. Notably, some studies have reported that superhydrophilic implants have no significant effect on patients with a history of radiotherapy and the use of anticoagulants. Because the adhesion of the superhydrophilic implant to the bacteria is also improved to some extent, it is very important to prevent the use of antibiotics when using the superhydrophilic implant. Finally, this paper discusses and anticipates the future research direction of superhydrophilic implants: longer periodic follow-up and more in-depth molecular mechanism studies.

Utilização de enxerto xenógeno em bloco, previamente à instalação de implantes contíguos, com carregamento imediato e precoce na área estética / Use of bovine block graft before placement of adjacent dental implants under immediate and early loading in the esthetic zone

Apesar do avanço no conhecimento científico biológico e com melhores instrumentos para o planejamento, a perda de dois elementos dentários contíguos na região maxilar anterior continua sendo um grande desafio estético quando utilizamos a terapia com implantes osseointegrados. Este artigo apresenta um caso clínico no qual uma paciente de 25 anos teve dois incisivos centrais perdidos, por reabsorção interna e externa após trauma e tratamento endodôntico, substituídos por implantes dentários. Enquanto no sítio do elemento 21 foi possível instalar um implante imediatamente após a extração, com provisório imediato, no sítio do elemento 11 foi necessária a execução de regeneração tecidual guiada. Um bloco de material xenógeno bovino desproteinizado (Bio-Oss Block) foi utilizado em conjunto com uma membrana de colágeno natural suíno (Bio-Gide) para este fim. Após seis meses, um implante foi instalado no sítio 21. Após a moldagem e escaneamento, dois pilares de zircônia e duas coroas de cerâmica com base de zircônia foram fabricados, instalados e cimentados de maneira precoce, 12 dias após a segunda implantação. O controle após seis meses demonstra boa estabilidade dos tecidos.

Although advances on treatment planning tools and biological knowledge have been made, the loss of two adjacent teeth in the anterior maxilla continues to be a great esthetic challenge when dental implants are to be inserted. This case report presents a 25 years-old patient where the two central incisors had to be removed due to internal and external root resorption after trauma and endodontic therapy. While in the region of tooth 21 it was possible to insert a dental implant soon after tooth removal, a guided tissue regeneration procedure was necessary at the region of 11. Thus, a deproteinized bovine xenogeneic bone block (Bio-Oss Block) was grafted along with a natural collagen porcine membrane (BioGide). After six months, a dental implant was placed in the same region. After impression and scanning, two zirconia abutments and zirconia-based defi nitive ceramic crowns were fabricated and cemented 12 days after the second implant surgery. The six-moth postoperative results demonstrate good tissue stability.

Implant and root supported overdentures - a literature review and some data on bone loss in edentulous jaws

PURPOSE: To present a literature review on implant overdentures after a brief survey of bone loss after extraction of all teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Papers on alveolar bone loss and implant overdentures have been studied for a narrative review. RESULTS: Bone loss of the alveolar process after tooth extraction occurs with great individual variation, impossible to predict at the time of extraction. The simplest way to prevent bone loss is to avoid extraction of all teeth. To keep a few teeth and use them or their roots for a tooth or root-supported overdenture substantially reduces bone loss. Jaws with implant-supported prostheses show less bone loss than jaws with conventional dentures. Mandibular 2-implant overdentures provide patients with better outcomes than do conventional dentures, regarding satisfaction, chewing ability and oral-health-related quality of life. There is no strong evidence for the superiority of one overdenture retention-system over the others regarding patient satisfaction, survival, peri-implant bone loss and relevant clinical factors. Mandibular single midline implant overdentures have shown promising results but long-term results are not yet available. For a maxillary overdenture 4 to 6 implants splinted with a bar provide high survival both for implants and overdenture. CONCLUSION: In edentulous mandibles, 2-implant overdentures provide excellent long-term success and survival, including patient satisfaction and improved oral functions. To further reduce the costs a single midline implant overdenture can be a promising option. In the maxilla, overdentures supported on 4 to 6 implants splinted with a bar have demonstrated good functional results.

Histomorphometry and stability analysis of early loaded implants with two different surface conditions in beagle dogs

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Despite an improved bone reactions of Mg-incorporated implants in the animals, little yet has been carried out by the experimental investigations in functional loading conditions. PURPOSE: This study investigated the clinical and histologic parameters of osseointegrated Mg-incorporated implants in early loading conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 36 solid screw implants (diameter 3.75 mm, length 10 mm) were placed in the mandibles of 6 beagle dogs. Test groups included 18 Mg-incorporated implants. Turned titanium implants served as control. Gold crowns were inserted 4 weeks after implant placement and the dogs were immediately put on a food diet. Implants were observed for 10 weeks after loading. Radiographic assessments and stability tests were performed at the time of fixture installation, 2nd stage surgery, 4 weeks after loading, and 10 weeks after loading. Histological observations and morphometrical measurements were also performed. RESULTS: Of 36 implants, 33 displayed no discernible mobility, corresponding to successful clinical function. There was no statistically significant difference between test implants and controls in marginal bone levels (P = .46) and RFA values. The mean BIC% in the Mg-implants was 54.5 +/- 8.4%. The mean BIC% in the turned implant was 45.3 +/- 12.2%. These differences between the Mg-implant and control implant were statistically significant (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: The anodized, Mg-incorporated implant demonstrated significantly more bone-to-implant contact (BIC) in early loading conditions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study in beagle dogs suggest the possibility of achieving predictable stability of early loaded free-standing dental implants with Mg-incorporated surface.

Carregamento precoce de implantes: abordagem em protocolos mandibulares / Early loading of implants: approaching in protocols jaws

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a abordagem e os resultados obtidos por reabilitações protéticas de pacientes edêntulos, com substituições imediatas dentárias, através de próteses tipo protocolo com carregamento precoce, cinco a sete dias após inserção dos implantes em mandíbula anterior. Utilizamos um período pouco maior do que o do carregamento imediato, rotineiramente utilizado, e presentamos acompanhamentos clínicos e radiográficos com resultados similares à abordagem de até 48 horas. Porém, contamos com maior tranqüilidade na execução dos passos pela equipe profissional e maior conforto para o paciente que recebe a prótese alguns dias após as instalações das fixações com menor edema pós-cirúrgico e maior qualidade protética.

The aim of the present article is to relate the boarding and the reached results of a prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients, with dental immediate substitutions, throught a prosthetic protocol with early loading of five to seven days after implants instalation at the anterior part of mandible. We used a little bigger period of time than that used by the immediate loading, and equently used, and presented clinical and radiografics accompaniments with similar results to the 48 hs boarding. However, our professional team works easily, with more confort for the patient who receives a prosthetic work of bigger quality a few days after implants, in an after-surgical minor edema area.

The experimental study of early loading on the Miniplate in the beagle dog / 대한치과교정학회지

Conventional osseointegrated titanium implants have many limitations; large size, limited location for placement of the implant, severity of the surgery, discomfort of initial healing, difficulty of oral hygiene and uncontrollable force direction. Recently titanium miniscrew and miniplate have been used for an alternative to conventional dental implant. But in relation to miniplate, miniscrew has disadvantages in that more potential inflammation, light orthodontic force application and limited orthodontic application. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of miniplate by observing the reactions of peri-implant tissues to early orthodontic and orthopedic loading of titanium miniplate. In four adult beagle dogs 10 miniplates were inserted into the alveolar bone using 20 osseointegrated titanium screws. 4 miniplates were placed in two dogs(dogA, B) and 6 miniplates in two dogs(dogC, D). In dogA, B miniplates were loaded with 200gm of force immediately after placement for 15 weeks. In dogC, D, miniplates were loaded with 400gm of force immediately after placement for 8 weeks. Miniplates of dogA were removed, dogA was healed for 4 weeks, and the area which was removed of miniscrew was examined. Following an observation period, the miniplates including miniscrews and the surrounding bone of dogB and dogC, D were removed, respectively. Undecalcified section along the long axis of miniscrews were made and the degree of osseointegration was examined under the light microscope. The results were as follows. 1. In the histologic features there was direct contact between bone and miniscrew in all groups except one, dogC control group. The loaded miniscrew demonstrated only a slight increase of the osseous proximaty when compared with unloaded miniscrew 2. There was no significant difference of the osseointegration of peri-miniscrew surface between dogB and dogC, D. But dogB showed slightly more increased bone apposition than dogC, D 3. The gingiva overlapping the miniplate and miniscrew showed no inflammatory sign in clinical and histological aspects. 4. The impared hard and soft tissues at the area which was removed of miniscrews showed good healing without inflammatory reaction. 5. The mobility showed slight increase in un-loaded miniplate but that was insignificant. Based on the results of this study, miniplate(C-tube(R)) can be used as a firm osseous orthodontic and orthopedic anchorage unit immediately after insertion.

Effects of drilling process in stability of micro-implants used for the orthodontic anchorage / 대한치과교정학회지

The aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the mechanical and histological effect of drilling process on the stability of micro-implant used for the orthodontic anchorage. For this purpose, 32 micro-implants(Osas(R), Epoch medical, theta 1.6 mm) were inserted into maxilla, mandible and palate in two beagle dogs. 16 micro-implants(8 per dog) were inserted after drilling with pilot drilling bur (drill method group). 16 micro-implants(8 per dog) were inserted without drilling (drill-free method group). After 1 week, micro-implants were loaded by means of Ni-Ti coil spring (Ni-Ti springs-extension(R), Ormco) with 200-300 gm force. Following 12 weeks, the micro-implants and the surrounding bone were removed. Before sacrifice, the mobilities were tested with Periotest(R)(Siemens). Undecalcified serial sections with the long axis were made and the histologic evaluations were done. The results of this study were as follow; 1. The osseointegration was found in both of drill-free method group and drill method group 2. Two of drill method group and one of drill-free method group in 32 micro-implants were lost after loading. 3. The mobilities of drill-free method group were less than drill method group 4. The bone contact on surface of micro-implants in drill-free method group was more than drill method group but there was no significant difference between groups. 5. The bone density in threads of micro-implants in drill-free method group was more than drill method group and there was significant difference between groups. These results suggest that drill-free method in insertion of micro-implants is superior to drill method on the stabilities, bone remodeling and osseointegrations under early loading.